Adverbial Clause
An adverbial
clause is dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator. It is used
to modify the verb of the independent clause and tells when (time), where
(place), why (reason), for what purpose, how, how long, and how far. It is also
used to show contrast and concession.
1) Punctuation Rules
An adverbial
clause can come either before or after the independent clause.
Formula:
- Adverbial
clause + , + Independent clause (a comma after adverbial clause)
- Independent
clause + Adverbial clause (no comma after adverbial clause)
Example:
- As he didn’t
understand, he asked the teacher to explain.
- He asked the
teacher to explain as he didn’t understand.
2) Types of Adverbial Clauses
There are
several different kinds of adverbial clauses; in addition, the subordinators
can distinguish the different types of adverbial clauses.
a) Adverb Clause
of Time
We use adverb
clause of time to modify verb in main clause and to tell the time that an
action takes place.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: when, whenever, anytime, before, after, till, until, while,
since, just as, as soon as, as often as, now that, as long as …
Example:
· She ran away while I was sleeping.
· While I was sleeping, she ran away.
· After the game has finished, the king and pawn go into the same
box. (Italian Proverb)
· I stopped believing in Santa Claus when
my mother took me to see him in a department store, and he asked for my
autograph. (Shirley Temple)
· As soon as you trust yourself, you will know how to live. (Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe)
Exercise :
1. Do not talk ______
she is singing.
2. _____ I command this ship, there will be good discipline.
3. He came _____
night had fallen.
4. _____ the law
was passed, this type of crime ceased.
5. Do it _____ you forget.
b) Adverb Clause
of Place
We use adverb
clause of place to modify verb in main clause and to tell the place that an
action takes place.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: where, as far as, as near as, wherever, anywhere…
Example:
· She is always drunk wherever I meet her.
· Wherever I meet her, she is always drunk.
· In a world where there is so much to
be done, I felt
strongly impressed that there must be something for me to do. (Dorothea Dix)
· I am not afraid of the pen, the
scaffold, or the sword. I will tell the truth wherever I please. (Mother
Jones)
· Where there is a will there is a way.
Exercise:
1.
They
sat down _____ they could find empty seats
2.
My
younger sister follows me _____ I go
3.
She
went quickly _____ you came
4.
_____
there is a will,there is a way
5.
_____
you can find it
c) Adverb Clause
of Cause/Reason
We use adverb
clause of cause/reason to modify verb in main clause and to tell the cause that
an action takes place.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: because, as, for, that
Example:
· I come here because I want to meet you.
· Because I want to meet you, I come here.
· I don't have a bank account, because
I don't know my mother's maiden name. (Paula Poundstone)
· Since you are like no other being
ever created since the beginning of time, you are incomparable. (Brenda Ueland)
· Because it was exceptionally cold, I wore my winter
jacket.
Exercise :
1.
I
ran _____ I was late
2.
_____
I believe her story,I shall have her
3.
_____
susan was here, I will ask her to take the message
4. Now _____ she
was not here,I spoke to her mother
5.
Lissa doesn’t go to school ______________________
d) Adverb Clause
of Condition
We use adverb
clause of condition to modify verb in main clause and to tell the condition
that an action takes place or someone does something.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: if, whether, if … not, unless, supposing that, provided that,
in the condition that, as long as that
Example:
· I will commit suicide unless you love me.
· Unless you love me, I will commit suicide.
· If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts. (Albert
Einstein)
· If the English language made any
sense, a
catastrophe would be an apostrophe with fur. (Doug Larson)
· If all the rich people in the world
divided up their money among themselves, there wouldn't be enough to go around. (Christina
Stead, 1903-1983)
Exercise:
1.
________________________
, I will phone you
2.
__________________,
the cat would catch you
3. You’ll succeed, ________________
4. __________________, I would fly.
5. You won’t be rich _______________________
e) Adverb Clause
of Contrast
We use adverb
clause of concession/contrast to modify verb in main clause and it is
introduced by the below-written subordinating conjunctions:
Subordinating
Conjunctions: *Concessive* though, however, even though, even if, although,
so, in spite of the fact that, the fact that, despite that, whether or, granted
that, whoever, whatever, whichever, no matter what,*Adversative* where, whereas,
while
Example:
· I have never committed crime although I am poor.
· Although I am poor, I have never committed
crime.
· Although golf was originally
restricted to wealthy, overweight
Protestants, today it's open to anybody who owns hideous clothing. (Dave Barry)
· A loud voice cannot compete with a
clear voice, even if it's a whisper. (Barry Neil Kaufman)
· Despite
the poor service provided by the wait staff, we still enjoyed the food and the
atmosphere of the restaurant.
Exercise :
1.
He is still poor __________________________________
2.
_________________________________, I will
try to help him.
3.
They won the game, ____________________________________
4.
She
went _________________________
5.
Although we are rich,_______________________
f) Adverb Clause
of Purpose
We use adverb
clause of purpose to modify verb in main clause and to tell the aim that
someone does something or something happens.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: so that, in order that,
Remember:
Sometimes we can
use “so as to, in order to” to stand instead of “so that, in order
that”.
Example:
· I tell him everyday in order that he can remember.
· In order that he can remember, I tell him everyday.
|
Sentence + so
that / in order that + subject + verb + complement.
|
|
Sentence + so
as to / in order to + verb + complement.
|
Example:
· I bring my dictionary with me in order that I can check.
· I bring my dictionary with me in order to check.
·
Rian
drove fast so that he could arrived
on time.
Exercise :
1.
They
went to the movie early _______________________
2.
I
got up early _____________________
3.
she
bought a book __________________________
4. We plant ____________________________
5. Susan takes a computer
lesson ____________________________.
g) Adverb Clause of Result/Consequence
We use adverb
clause of result/consequence to modify verb in main clause and to tell the
result that someone does something or something happens.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: “that” is used to recognize adverb clause of result
|
Subject + verb
+ so + adjective/adverb + that + subject + verb + comp
|
Example:
· She is so hungry that she has lunch early.
· That she has lunch early, she is so
hungry.
· She is so
short that she can’t become a stewardess.
|
Subject + verb
+ such + noun(s) + that + subject + verb + complement
|
Example:
· She acts such a rude manner that no man loves her.
· That no man loves her, she acts such a rude manner.
Exercise :
1.
She is so short _______________________________
2. She
studies so hard ________________________________
3.
He
worked hard so ________________________
4.
I
was tired of waiting _______________________________
5.
She
was so weak _______________________________
h) Adverb Clause
of Comparison
We use adverb
clause of comparison to modify verb in main clause.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: small, fast, hard, slow, late…
|
Subject + verb
+ as + adjective/adverb + as + subject + verb + comp
|
Example:
· Your book is as small as my book is.
· You speak as fast as she does.
· Johan can
speak English as
fluently as his teacher.
|
Sub + verb +
adj/adv-er /more-adj/adv + than + sub + verb + comp
|
Example:
· She runs faster than I do.
· They speak more fluently than he does.
Exercise :
1.
He
is ___(old)___ he looks.
2.
No
one can run ___(fast)___ Raman.
3.
You
must work ____(hard)_____ I do.
4.
He
is ___(Stupid)__ he is lazy.
5. She is ___(pretty)___ a doll.
i) Adverb Clause
of Manner
We use adverb
clause of manner to modify verb in main clause and to tell how an action takes
place.
Subordinating
Conjunctions: as if, as though, as
Example:
· The boy speaks as if he is sick.
· As if he is sick, the boy speaks.
· He acts like it is a joke.
· We don't have conversations. You
talk at me the way a teacher talks to a naughty student.
· Except for an occasional heart
attack, I feel as young as I ever did. (Robert Benchley)
Exercise :
1.
Reading
______________ helps you to understand concepts better.
2. Playing music
too _______________ can damage your hearing.
3.
He
agreed to go to the store for milk quickly.
4.
He
gave us the money ___________
5. The child ran _______
towards his mother.
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